This week brings the first week of spring, time we hope, to put away those snow shovels and dust off the garden tools. But while we wait for the first blooms outside, let's take you inside one of the largest greenhouses in the United States 鈥� for a visual vacation and some spring stimulation.
As ideastream producers Mary Fecteau and Stephanie Jarvis discover, engineering the perfect plant 鈥� indoors or out 鈥� involves far more than a seed and soil.
Orchid Overload
The temperature outside sits just above freezing on this mid-March morning, but inside 鈥� climate controlled greenhouse, it鈥檚 a perfect spring day -- critical for fostering rows and rows of orchids. Vibrant purples, bright whites and vivid pinks cover about 35 football fields worth of space at the Oberlin complex.
鈥淲hen you walk in the greenhouse, it鈥檚 kind of like sensory overload,鈥� said Green Circle co-owner Scott Giesbrecht. 鈥淵ou鈥檙e smelling plants growing, you鈥檙e seeing all different kinds of colors. You鈥檙e feeling a warm temperature. You鈥檙e hearing different things going on鈥� roofs opening, water running, all different things.鈥�
Orchids represent one-third of Green Circle鈥檚 production. The company grows more than 8 million orchids annually.
鈥淵ou鈥檙e looking at 70 to 80 different varieties, but really about seven different color subcategories,鈥� said Giesbrecht. 鈥淪o we grow, for example, 18 different whites, 15 different purples, but they all have little variations in them.鈥�
That color variation contributes to high demand by consumers. The orchid is the most popular potted plant in the United States.
Marcel Boonekamp is one of the head growers at Green Circle鈥檚 orchid range. The splash of color that fills the space is thoughtfully designed and scientifically engineered -- a process Boonekamp describes as time consuming, but necessary.
鈥淭he only colors we can鈥檛 create naturally (are) blue and black and red,鈥� said Boonekamp. 鈥淏ut other colors and mixes of colors, it鈥檚 all possible by breeding鈥� which takes a long time. In total that process takes between five and eight years.鈥�
Orchids at Green Circle begin as tissue culture. Growers use plant tissue instead of seeds to create color consistency in larger quantities. The tissue goes into a 鈥渃oco plug,鈥� that wraps around the roots and allows for easy potting transfers 鈥� and gives an orchid its best chance to thrive.
As the orchids grow older, they travel through various areas of the facility, each with different climate controls and light levels, before they can move to a bigger pot size. One critical moment mimics a Hawaiian winter, exposing the plant to a cooling period. The temperature change triggers the orchid to 鈥渟pike,鈥� creating a new flower stalk.
Greenhouse Technology
Sophisticated technology allows workers to track each orchid鈥檚 progress through the two-year grow period.
鈥淥nce they move into a bigger pot size, they get a barcode on the pot,鈥� said Boonekamp. 鈥淲e scan the pot, so then we know this plant is this variety and this old. And then we keep track of that plant throughout the greenhouse.鈥�
Orchids aren't the only plants growing here. In one area of the complex, four robotic helpers pick up, move, and space hydrangeas. The company says this reduces repetitive strain injuries, by removing the constant need for humans to bend down. Elsewhere, a machine meticulously picks up petunia cuttings and sticks each one in its spot in a tray.
鈥淗umans are still key in the whole process鈥e always need them,鈥� said Boonekamp. 鈥淲hat we try to do is automate the things that machines can do better.鈥�
Sustainability
Along with investing in high-tech automation, Green Circle emphasizes sustainable production practices.
鈥淥ur very structure is a collector of rainwater that goes to seven different retention ponds,鈥� said Giesbrecht. 鈥淲e try to minimize the amount of city water we use. Primarily we are self-reliant on the water that gets collected by the greenhouse roofs and then sent through filtration.鈥�
Wood boilers heat all 110 acres of greenhouse. And in an effort to cut down on pesticides, insect-grabbing sticky tape hovers above plants.
鈥淲hat we鈥檝e found in our journey of sustainability is what鈥檚 good for the environment is good for our business.鈥�
Orchid Care
Back in the orchid plant, Boonekamp shares some tips for home orchid care 鈥� including ice watering.
鈥淚ce melts slowly so the roots have time to absorb water, and that鈥檚 the biggest benefit of the ice cube. The easy way to see the difference is in roots鈥� looking like this, it definitely needs watered.鈥�
Three ice cubes a week provide enough hydration for the plant.
